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''Critique of Dialectical Reason'' ((フランス語:Critique de la raison dialectique)) is a 1960 book by Jean-Paul Sartre in which he further develops the existentialist Marxism he first expounded in his essay ''Search for a Method'' (1957). ''Critique of Dialectical Reason'' and ''Search for a Method'' were written as a common manuscript, with Sartre intending the former to logically precede the latter. Sartre's second large-scale philosophical treatise, ''Being and Nothingness'' (1943) having been the first,〔 ''Critique of Dialectical Reason'' has been seen by some as an abandonment of Sartre's original existentialism,〔 while others have seen it as a continuation and elaboration of his earlier work.〔 It was translated into English by Alan Sheridan-Smith.〔 The first volume, "Theory of Practical Ensembles", was first published in English in 1976; a corrected English translation was published in 1991, based on the revised French edition of 1985. The second volume, "The Intelligibility of History", was published posthumously in French in 1985 with an English translation by Quintin Hoare appearing in 1991. Sartre is quoted as having said this was the principal of his two philosophical works for which he wished to be remembered.〔(''Sartre at 70: An interview'' ) Full text of the interview in which the author gives his opinion in the New York Review of Books. Actual question (at beginning of Part II) is ''"And which of your works do you hope to see the new generation take up again?"''〕〔(Infidels, Freethinkers, Humanists, and Unbelievers ) ''Sartre after Literature'' ¶ 3. Typical of the secondary sources referring to the actual text in the interview.〕 ==Background== In the wake of ''Being and Nothingness'', Sartre became concerned to reconcile his concept of freedom with concrete social subjects and was strongly influenced in this regard by his friend and associate Maurice Merleau-Ponty, whose writings in the late 1940s and early 1950s (such as ''Sense and Non-Sense'') were pioneering a path towards a synthesis of existentialism and Marxism. Merleau-Ponty, however, then became increasingly skeptical of Marxism, culminating in his ''Adventures of the Dialectic'' (1955), while Sartre continued to grow more engaged with Marxist thought. Though Sartre had, by 1957, decisively broken with the Soviet Union and "official" Marxism in the wake of the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian uprising, he nonetheless declared Marxism "the philosophy of our time"〔 and stated the need to resuscitate it from the moribund state that Soviet dogma had left it in, a need he attempted to answer by writing ''Critique of Dialectical Reason''. The conflict between Sartre and Marleau-Ponty on this issue ended their long-standing friendship, though Ronald Aronson states that, in part, ''Critique of Dialectical Reason'' was Sartre's answer to his former friend and political mentor's attack on Marxism. More generally, ''Critique of Dialectical Reason'' was written following the rejection of Communism by leftist French intellectuals sympathetic to Marxism, a process that not only ended Sartre's friendship with Merleau-Ponty but with Albert Camus as well. The work was part of Sartre's attempt to learn "the lessons of history" from these events, and to try to create an adequate Marxist history and sociology. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Critique of Dialectical Reason」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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